Social Science Japan Journal Advance Access originally published online on May 28, 2009
Social Science Japan Journal 2009 12(2):195-209; doi:10.1093/ssjj/jyp020
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Social Science Japan Journal 12:195-209 (2009)
© 2009 Oxford University Press
Past and Present Constraints on Labor Movements for Gender Equality in Japan
YAMADA Kazuyo is an associate professor in the Faculty of Economics, Shiga University. She specializes in Japanese labor history, especially labor movements and wage systems, from a gender perspective. She can be reached at Faculty of Economics, Shiga University, 1-1-1 Banba, Hikone City, Shiga 522-8522, Japan, or by e-mail at yamada{at}biwako.shiga-u.ac.jp
The purpose of this paper is to compare the obstacles Japan's representative national trade union centers, S
hy and Reng, faced in their efforts to achieve gender-equal employment and to illustrate how they coped with these obstacles at the time of the enactment of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law in 1985 and at the time of its revision in 2006, through a detailed analysis of primary materials. Thanks to the 1997 revision, labor movements today are free from the dilemma of having to choose either ‘protection’ or ‘equality’ for women. Given this, I argue that the labor movements should now step up their efforts to achieve equality. In order to take a step toward the realization of gender equality and to forge a new solidarity by bridging the chasm that divides the labor movements in different employment categories, reconstructing the present framework of the categories of ‘regular’ and ‘non-regular’ workers is of utmost importance to labor movements.